 |
Firing Schedules (ramps are for 6" or larger open face firings on shelves) | ||||||||||||||
| Heating | Annealing & Cooling | ||||||||||||||
| Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 * | Step 4 | Step 5 | Step 6 | Step 7 | |||||||||
| Target temps >> |
300° F 149° C |
1000° F 538° C |
To Desired Peak Temp (see Peak Temp Table) |
960° F 516° C |
800° F 427° C |
600° F 316° C |
100° F 38° C |
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| Maximum Thickness |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Minimum Total Time (hours) |
| 1/8" | 250° F | 5 | 250° F | 10 | 500° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP** | 30 | 200° F | 0 | 300° F | 0 | 400° F | 0 | 8.9 |
| 3 mm | 139° C | 139° C | 278° C | 111° C | 166° C | 222° C | |||||||||
| 1/4" | 200° F | 10 | 200° F | 30 | 400° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 60 | 170° F | 0 | 270° F | 0 | 370° F | 0 | 11.3 |
| 6 mm | 111° C | 111° C | 222° C | 94° C | 150° C | 206° C | |||||||||
| 3/8" | 160° F | 15 | 160° F | 50 | 325° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 90 | 135° F | 0 | 235° F | 0 | 335° F | 0 | 14.2 |
| 9 mm | 89° C | 89° C | 181° C | 75° C | 131° C | 186° F | |||||||||
| 1/2" | 120° F | 20 | 120° F | 75 | 275° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 120 | 100° F | 0 | 200° F | 0 | 300° F | 0 | 17.9 |
| 12 mm | 67° C | 67° C | 153° C | 56° C | 111° C | 166° C | |||||||||
| 3/4" | 80° F | 30 | 80° F | 85 | 225° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 180 | 50° F | 0 | 100° F | 0 | 200° F | 0 | 27.1 |
| 19 mm | 44° C | 44° C | 125° C | 28° C | 56° C | 111° C | |||||||||
| *For drop slumps cut Step 3 ramp rate in half |
**AFAP means As Fast as Possible | ||||||||||||||
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| Basic Definition of firing steps | |
| Step 1 | Start heat up of prefired cold glass, shelf, mold, & kiln. Soak to distribute heat evenly |
| Step 2 | Heat prefired glass components to softening point Hold to distribute the heat evenly |
| Step 3 | Fire to desired peak temp Hold to desired finish |
| Step 4 | Lower to upper annealing point, dropping quickly to minimize devit Hold to distribute the heat evenly |
| Step 5 | Annealing ramp: cool to below the strain point Hold |
| Step 6 | 1st Cooling ramp Hold |
| Step 7 | 2nd Cooling ramp Open kiln when kiln interior 100° F/38° C, or room temperature. |
| Peak Temperature Table - Open Face Molds | |||
| This guide is intended as a starting point. Variations of 25° F (13.9° C) or more are expected for specific needs & circumstances, such as kiln type, rate of ramp-up, soak length, thickness of work or mold, etc. All other factors being equal, System 96 glass will require a peak temperature about 25° F (13.9° C) below Fusion FX 90 COE (Bullseye compatible) glass. | |||
| Activity | Temp F | Temp C | hold time |
| Bending (uni-directional) Shallow drop Slumping with molds Medium drop (sinks) 'Sugar' firing or Tack Fuse Pâte de Verre Fuse to stick |
1100° 1200 1225° 1250° 1300° 1325° 1350°-1375° |
538° 649° 663° 677° 704° 715° 732°-745° |
1-20 mins |
| Maximum Temperature if under 1/4" thickness | |||
| Fuse flat with smooth edges Fill Bas-Relief molds - wavy edges Fill sharp mold details -irregular edges |
1420°-1450° 1450°-1475° 1475°-1500° |
771°-788° 788°-802° 802°-816° |
15-90 mins 15-90 mins 90-300 mins |